Increasing Speaker Effectiveness During a Presentation Essay

Increasing Speaker Effectiveness During a Presentation - Essay Example The speaker is supposed to be in a straight position with the feet being slightly apart. The approach enables the audience as well as the speaker to appear believable and confident. The crossing of legs and arms behind the speaker’s back only serves to develop a mental barrier between the audience and the speaker (Zelko, 2010).  His assertion that the posture of the presenter is vital during the presentation is indeed true.  I, however, partially disagree with him on his assertion that the tone of the presentation is an essential factor during speech presentation. The tone of the speaker usually should be constant as he has explained. I believe that the speakers can vary their tones when delivering their speech as a way of attracting the attention of the audience. Dewayne French argues that the speaker should not loud or of low tone. I disagree with him basing on the fact that the speaker can raise his tone in order to stress a statement as well as lower it to attract the attention of the audience. Moreover, DEWAYNE FRENCH’s assertion that pronunciation is vital to each presentation is not a definite point. Speakers may be from different backgrounds. In addition, I believe that the speaker should be able to communicate in the language that can be understood by the audience and not necessarily a particular language (Zelko, 2010).   

Design of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Essay Example for Free

Design of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Essay Storage Tanks are the tanks in which flammable and combustible liquids are stored. The storage tanks should be constructed of steel in case they are constructed above grounds. The non-combustible substance can be used for the construction if it is used to store a combustible liquid. The material used for the construction must be that helps the tank to be protected against the fire. In one of the storage tank fires broke out at the island of Palau Merimau, Singapore and the fire started catching tankage containing petroleum, motor gasoline and diesel product. Despite the size of fire and adverse logistics, fire fighting efforts were successful in controlling the fire. This require operational and design engineering considerations, proper fire fighting strategy, prefire and emergency response plans, fire water management and fixed/semifixed system. A permanent water supply, of sufficient volume, duration, pressure, required to properly operate the fire fighting equipment shall be made available as soon as combustible materials accumulate and in the same way underground waters are to be provided, installed and made available for use as early as possible at the place of fire. In case were fixed water protection system is not installed with the tank with flammable or combustible liquids the floating roof to cover on liquid which helps to protect the fire to be broke out. Most fires in this design of tank burn only at the seal and are usually easily extinguished. Tanks with floating roofs are not likely to be involved in serious fires. This is because there is far less liquid surface is exposed to the fire. When storage tanks are not equipped with fixed fire protection then it must contain a stable liquid storage at a pressure 17kPa (gauge). The tanks containing flammable liquids should be normally kept closed for protection of unless the tank is venting. Where drainage facilities are provided to drain water from dike areas, efforts should be made to prevent flammable liquids from entering into any natural resources as it constitute fire hazard. REFERENCE Referred to sites:1. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Subsection 4. 3. 1. Design, Construction and Use of Storage Tanks 2. http://www. osha. gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/subpartf. html Fire Protection and Prevention DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS SUBPART Â §1926. 155 3. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Dated 4th August 2007

The Great Gatsby: Realism :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby: Realism F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby has been labelled a masterpiece, and perhaps even one of the greatest novels of all time. In order to be revered as a classic, a novel must have one or more qualities that place it above the rest. One of The Great Gatsby's best qualities is Fitzgerald's incredible use of realism. This realism is evident in the development of plot, setting, and characters throughout the novel. The Great Gatsby is well known for its deeply entangled plots and sub-plots. At first Fitzgerald used realism to develop these plots by choosing plots that would be beleivable to readers. For example, the main plot of "The American Dream" (Jay Gatsby's dream of becoming rich and succesfull in order to impress Daisy) is easily believable and is still a quite common dream today. Smaller plots, such as Tom Buchanans affair with Myrtle, are also very realistic and are a common occurrence in every day life. From here Fitzerald deepened the story by using realism to entangle these plots. Fitzgerald then grew apon these plots by making them all have realistic outcomes (such as Gatsby's demise), rather than your typical story book endings. It is mostly thanks to Fitzgerald's descriptive, poetic style of writing that allows him to realistically portray the many plots of The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald's realistic construction and development of plot is extremely dependant apon the setting of the novel in which it take place. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses realism to clearly depict the setting of the Great Gatsby. This incredible use of realism could be mostly due to the fact that Fitzgerald lived during the time of the novel, and by using great detail, he was able to reproduce his interpretation of the 1920's. At this time the Great War (WW1) had just ended and the United States was becoming as dominant world power. The novel takes place during the summer in New York as Nick Carraway has just moved to persue a career in the bond business. This is a very realistic setting because just after World War 1 the eastern United States were flourishing with people and business. As depicted in The Great Gatsby, during the 1920's jazz music was all the rage. Large, fancy homes and big parties (such as Gatsby's) were also quite popular. Fitzgerald realistically demonstrates the inexistence of the middle class at that time. For example the contrast between Tom Buchanan and Mr. Wilson shows vast difference between the upper and lower classes. The exact geographical location of the novel does not exist, but Fitzgerald does a

The Global Pharmaceutical Market Forecast Essays -- International Phar

MARKET OVERVIEW The global pharmaceutical market is a multibillion-dollar industry. The 10 largest drug companies control over one-third of the market, several with sales of more than $10B a year and profit margins of 30%. Six of these companies are based in the U.S. and four are in Europe. It is predicted that North and South America, Europe, and Japan will continue to dominate by accounting for 85% of the world’s pharmaceutical market. Companies currently spend one-third of all sales revenue on marketing, which is roughly twice of what they spent on R&D (â€Å"Pharmaceutical Industry†). The cost of innovation proves to be very high as the drug business is very risky; 1 out of 10,000 discovered compounds are approved for sale. Since 2001, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research averaged 22.9 approvals per year. Only 3 out of 20 approved drugs bring in adequate revenue to cover the R&D costs and only 1 out of 3 approved drug generate enough revenue to cover previous failures. Accor ding to a study by Bain & Company, the cost of discovering, developing, and launching a new drug rose to approximately $1.7 billion in 2003, taking into account opportunity costs, marketing, and other business expenses (â€Å"Pharma Markets†). SUPPLY The major factor affecting supply is the advancement of technology. The development of simulation and data analysis tools condenses the drug’s process time from development to full-scale production. Process tomography and high frequency camera systems help hasten products from clinical trial stage to commercial availability. Integrated sensors are being used to monitor the performance and quality parameters of drug manufacturing processes on a real-time basis in order to ensure the quality of the medicine ... ...http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story073/en/index.html>. Prest, Richard. "Real Demand Forecasting." Pharmaceutical Industry. PharmaManufacturing.com, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. . Schacht, Wendy H., and John R. Thomas. Patent Law and Its Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry. Rep. no. RL30756. The Library of Congress, 10 Jan. 2005. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. . Silverman, Ed. "Global Drug Spending Is Forecast To Rebound." Pharmalot. PharmaLive.com, 12 July 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2013. . Vogel, Ronald J. "The Demand for Pharmaceuticals." Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy. New York: Pharmaceutical Products, 2007. 90-108. Print.

HBC From Fur to Fendi Essay

1. Three competitive strategies that the company HBC used prior to its sale to Zucker and NRDC are the differentiation strategy, the growth strategy and an e-business strategy. HBC used the differentiation strategy by reinventing itself with a more fashionable image through designer depot/Style depot. HBC used the growth strategy by expansion of the corporation to strengthen its share of the market with the acquisition of other retailers such as K-Mart Canada. They also opened the HBC Rewards Program to entice costumers back to its stores. HBC also used the e-business strategy by opening their online shopping program, allowing customers to have the option to shop online instead of having to go to the store. 2. Three strategies HBC adopted since the sale would be the renewal strategy, the focus differentiation strategy and the diversification strategy. Under the NRDC leadership, The Bay’s main focus was reattracting customers. They did this by dropping over 60 percent of its previous brands and relaunching the â€Å"Room†, which was located at one of its Toronto locations. â€Å"The Room† is a VIP suite containing high end designers. HBC also used the focus differentiation strategy by becoming an official sponsor for the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver. By selling Olympic branded merchandise this allowed the Bay to be open to a whole new market. Selling Olympic merchandise allows Olympic fans to have the option to buy that merchandise at The Bay. HBC uses the diversification strategy by launching â€Å"The Room† which allowed The Bay to then sell designer merchandise to customers, which broadened their variety to a whole new market of customers. 3. The competitive strategies mentioned before can be categorized into two categories, business or corporate level strategies. The business level strategies included, the differentiation strategy and the focus differentiation strategy. The corporate strategies included the growth strategy, e-business strategy, renewal strategy, and the diversification strategy.

How to Write a Sales Letter for English Learners

How to Write a Sales Letter for English Learners Sales letters are a type of business letter used to introduce products or services to consumers.  Use the following example letter as a template to model your own sales letter on. Notice how the first paragraph focuses on issues that need to be resolved, while the second paragraph offers a specific solution. Example Sales Letter Document Makers2398 Red StreetSalem, MA 34588 March 10, 2001 Thomas R. SmithDrivers Co.3489 Greene Ave.Olympia, WA 98502 Dear Mr. Smith: Are you having trouble getting your important documents formatted correctly? If you are like most business owners, you have trouble finding the time to economically produce good-looking documents. This is why it is important to have a specialist take care of your most important documents. At Documents Makers, we have the skills and experience to come in and help you make the best possible impression. May we stop by and offer you a FREE estimate of how much it would cost to get your documents looking great? If so, give us a call at and set up and appointment with one of your friendly operators. Sincerely, (signature here) Richard BrownPresident RB/sp Sales Emails Emails are similar, but they do not include an address or signature. However, emails do include a closing such as: Best regards, Peter Hamilton CEO Innovative Solutions for Learners   Sales Letters Goals There are three main goals to achieve when writing sales letters: 1) Grab the Readers Attention Try to grab your readers attention by: Offering a solution to a problem that the reader may have.Telling an interesting (short) story  Presenting an interesting fact or statistic Potential clients need to feel as if a sales letter speaks or relates to their needs. This is also known as a hook.   2) Create Interest   Once youve grabbed the readers attention, youll need to create interest in your product. This is the main body of your letter.   3) Influence Action   The goal of every sales letter is to convince a potential customer or client to act. This doesnt necessarily mean that a client will purchase your service after reading the letter. The goal is to have the client will take a step towards gathering more information from you about your product or service. Useful Key Phrases to Avoid Being Seen as Spam Lets be honest: Sales letters are often just thrown away because so many people receive sales letters - also known as spam (idiom useless information). In order to get noticed, its important to quickly address something important that your prospective client may need.   Here are some key phrases that will help you catch the readers attention and present your product quickly: Are you having trouble ...This is why it is important to have ...At X, we have the skills and experience to ...May we stop by and offer you a FREE estimate of how much it would cost to ...If so, give us a call at X and set up and appointment with one of your friendly operators. Begin the letter with something will catch the readers attention immediately. For example, many sales letters  often ask readers to consider a pain point - a problem that a person needs solved, and then introduce a product that will provide the solution. Its important to quickly move to your  sales pitch  in your sales letter as most readers will understand that your sales letter is a form of advertising. Sales letters also often include an offer to encourage customers to try the product. Its important that these offers are clear and provide a useful service to the reader. Finally, its becoming increasingly important to provide a brochure along with your sales letter providing details about your product. Finally, sales letters tend to use  formal letter structures  and are rather impersonal because they are sent to more than one person.

The Positive Impact of the Italian Jesuits Movement in America

The Positive Impact of the Italian Jesuits Movement in America Introduction The Italian Jesuits Movement is religious movement that was started by St. Ignatius in the sixteenth century. At the time of its start, it had few members who later invited more people to join them as they prepared to extend their mission of spreading the gospel. The recruits knew nothing in regard to the principles of the Jesuits; they were referred as brothers though some were elderly. They were later to become priests after gaining some experience in spreading the gospel and all that pertained to this movement.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Positive Impact of the Italian Jesuits Movement in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Jesuit Movement According to McKevitt, the members of this group took vows of chastity, obedience and poverty. This was because they wanted to be Christ-like through imitating what Jesus Christ did in his time. In nineteenth century, there was a contradict ion on how far the Jesuit could enjoy life and materials. The Italian Jesuits were not for the idea of fully denying themselves some of the materials, however they listened to John Henry one of their superiors when he visited them and explained to them why they were to enjoy life less. This movement also considered choosing not to marry as a higher step of choosing to serve God more as they had wished and they valued this despite the alternative advice they were given by the Protestants and non-believers. The Jesuits’ Contribution to America Education The Italian Jesuits contributed a lot while traversing America; they preached to Native Americans who later joined them to work as missionaries and were placed in responsibility positions over the parishes that were opened as a result of the large numbers of converts that were gained. The Italian Jesuit assisted in modifying the American culture through creating awareness on arts and related areas that the Americans did not know or knew very little about. This brought about a dramatic change not only in America but also in other parts of the world in the 1960s. Through music, theater, creative writing and visual arts, the Jesuits were able to increase the awareness of the Americans on the significance of art in the society. More to this, their actions were gaining popularity hence paving a way for them as they embarked on evangelism (Udias 1). According to Malley, the Jesuits started some primary and secondary schools and colleges; these were crucial in civilization at this period of time. The studies in these learning institutions became influential to the people since they addressed pertinent issues in the then society; one of the issues was the place of females in the society. These schools enrolled those who were willing to join the mission work and also those who were willing to develop other careers.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your firs t paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Jesuits were determined to educate the Native Americans and they spent most of their time in classes to fully assist those who were willing to learn (Malley 1). According to McKevitt, through getting involved in teaching colleges such as Georgetown College, the Jesuits had invented a way to educate the natives on what they believed in. This was also reshaping the culture of East and West America due to the introduction of new ideas that were not present earlier. The Italian Jesuits had a great positive impact as teachers since they spent most of their life in classroom teaching Americans though they were also committed to priesthood duties. Their impact on education was felt during this time due to the fact that they had flown in from Italy to America in large numbers to deliver quality education to the Native Americans. Empowering the Women According to McKevitt, St Ignatius the founder of the Jesuit movement was devoted towards e mpowering women. The Jesuits too had to follow this; they therefore took every opportunity during their interaction with the people to advocate for women rights. They even integrated nuns and sisters in the teaching programmes and also in running of the learning institutions. This made even the Native Americans to change their perceptions and attitudes towards women since the Jesuits were highly respected and obeyed and thus their opinion in regard to women was equally respected. Industrial Development It has been noted that due to the Mexican war, the Italian Jesuits shifted to the west and while there they became investors through activities such as farming, mining and ranching. This contributed positively towards the upgrading of the industrial sector hence improvement of productivity in this region. Through this they became the role models for the natives who joined them in the investment activities. This also attracted many immigrants from different areas to this region. Accord ing to Ronda, these expatriates reshaped the boundary culture through establishment of churches, press, hospitals and colleges that integrated America with Europe and other neighboring countries. The Jesuits instructed the native converts on farming and also on irrigation skills and also coaching them on the catholic beliefs (Ronda 1). Civilization of the Society According to Ronda, the Jesuits used simple gifts to lure the natives and later talk with them about the word of God. The Jesuits also appointed converted natives into positions of captains and these captains helped the Jesuits in preaching to other natives. This approach was viable in ensuring easy interaction with the natives though it was later faced out after they had completed their mission of ensuring that the Native Americans knew about Christianity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Positive Impact of the Italian Jesuits Movement in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the Jesuits enduring criticism and hostility, the society was learning from them the virtues that they were to have as Christians. According to Ronda, they were to observe high sense of brotherhood despite the challenges that they were encountering. This forced the Native Americans to embrace Christianity as well as holding their traditional religious practices that were of great value to them. Though the Jesuits had theological conflicts with the native religious leaders, they used intellectual confrontations until they prevailed. Such lessons were crucial to the society since they were to behave the same once they were converted to believe in the new ways of the Jesuits. Tranquility was to ensure that development was achieved in a short while. According to McKevitt, the Jesuits had extensively travelled before settling in the United States; they had encountered many cultures and different languages and this gave them a chance to interact faster with the natives. They were also able to accommodate the multicultural America and this helped them in teaching later as they established schools. On the other hand, the natives were also willing to learn from the Jesuits since they had integrated well. McKevitt highlights that church leaders were competing among themselves to acquire the immigrants’ services in the absence of the native ministers. This was to a greater extent beneficial to the Jesuits movement since these church leaders were to join them in disseminating their message. In the long run, the whole society was to benefit by hearing the gospel since they were most likely to listen to their own people more than they would have done to the Jesuits who were just but foreigners (McKevitt 1). According to Judd, Jesuits movement through their practices in America protected the Native Americans from being enslaved by the Portuguese and the Spanish. They were secure since Jesuits were condemning such acts and th erefore it became challenging for their mission of enslaving others to prevail. This was a positive impact towards the native society since they benefitted through the protection that Jesuits provided; they also accepted the teachings of the Jesuits since they were considering their message as liberating and of great value (Judd 1). O’Malley highlights that, as Jesuits were involved in teaching in the Native American schools, they came up with a dictionary since they had learnt many languages hence becoming easier for them to translate from one language to the other, for example, from Japanese to Portuguese. This was an advantage to the natives since they were also to be well educated without language barrier which would have hindered their learning (O’Malley 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Today, the Jesuit movement is still carrying out their work especially in education; they still operate in high schools, colleges and universities in various parts of the world. They are still advocating for human rights and social justice for all in the whole world. The work that the movement did long time ago is still relevant and one can easily trace where some of the practices came from especially in Latin America. Judd, Peter. Four American Ancestries: White, Griggs, Cowles, Judd, Including Haring, Phelps, Denison, Clark, Foote, Coley, Haight, Ayers, and Related Families. New York, N.Y: P.H. Judd Press, 2008. Print. McKevitt, Gerald. Italian Jesuits in the American West, 1848-1919. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007. Print. O’Malley, John. How the First Jesuits Became Involved in Education. Boston College, 2012. Web. https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/top/church21/pdf/HowtheFirstJesuitsBecameInvolvedinEducation.pdf. Ronda, James. â€Å"The Europ ean Indian: Jesuit Civilization Planning in New France.† Church History, 41.3 (1972): 385-395. Print. Udias, Augustin, and Stauder William. The Jesuit Contribution to Seismology. Sesmological Society of America, 1996. Web. https://www.seismosoc.org/inside/eastern-section/jesuit-contribution-seismology/.

Journal Prompts for the Elementary Classroom

Journal Prompts for the Elementary Classroom As you design a   journal writing program for your students, its a good idea to use journal prompts so that your students are working on productive creative writing. A journal writing checklist helps your students assess their own progress each time they write. Journal Prompts for the Classroom Here is a list of teacher-tested journal topics to help you get started in your journal writing routine: What is your favorite season? Describe how you feel during different times of the year.What is your favorite game? Think about indoor games, outdoor games, board games, car games, and more!Write about your favorite subject in school. What is your least favorite subject?What do you want to be when you grow up? Choose and describe at least three jobs that you think you would enjoy.What is your favorite holiday and why? What traditions do you and your family share?What qualities do you look for in a friend? How do you try to be a good friend to others?Have you ever had to apologize for something you did? How did you feel before and after the apology?Describe a typical day in your life. Use sensory detail (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste) to make your daily experience come to life.Describe a fantasy day in your life. If you could design a whole day to do anything and everything you wanted, what would you choose to do?If you could choose one superpower to have for a day, which would you select? Describe in detail your activities as a superhero. Should children have strict bedtimes? What do you think is a fair bedtime for children your age and why?Write about your brothers and sisters. If you dont have any, do you wish you did?What is more important in life: presents or people?What do you think is the perfect age to be? If you could choose one age and stay that age forever, what would you choose?Do you have any nicknames? Describe where the nicknames came from and what they mean to you.Write about what you do on the weekends. How do your weekends differ from your weekdays?What are your favorite foods? What are your least favorite foods? Describe how it feels to eat each of the foods.What is your favorite type of weather? Write about how your activities change with different types of weather.When you are feeling sad, what cheers you up? Describe in detail.Describe your favorite game. What do you like about it? Why are you good at it?Imagine that you are invisible. Write a story about the day you turned invisible.Describe what its like to be you. Write about a day in your life. What is the most interesting thing that you know how to do? What makes it interesting and why do you do it?Imagine that you went to school and there were no teachers! Talk about what you did that day. Edited By: Janelle Cox

Inflation Control by Government of UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Inflation Control by Government of UK - Essay Example This heaving inflation delayed diverted central banks plus stalled them from lessening interest rates to assist in relieving the credit crunch. In spite of all of the above during January, the depression was expected. The predictions for 2009 are bleak: Alistair Darling declared of late that the government had misjudged the severity of it. On the other hand, a more positive school of reflection says that the nastiest of the depression perhaps might be over. I would like to take this opportunity to thank my professor for all the support, assistance and advice all along. I would also like to thank my family and friends, who also encouraged me and motivated me at every step. This report helped get into the crux of the issue, i was also able to analyze the situation from the government and the Publics perspective. The world economy has been considerably exaggerated by the monetary crisis plus analysis are the nastiest given that the Great Depression. Already, the largest developed countries, notably those where the crisis originated, have entered into recession. Drop over to the supplementary countries was primarily minute; however a lot of bussing economies are currently facing it tough. The suppositions regarding a decoupling of these economies have without a doubt demonstrated off beam. 1.1 The emergent countries: These emerging countries too are facing the influences of the calamity, which will interrupt moreover in a lot cases overturn the accomplishment of the Millennium Development purposes, together with the civilized work for all. This is of fastidious concern provided that, even during the pre calamity phase, the development outlines within specific areas, particularly within the United Kingdom, making way towards the insignificant decline within poverty. The civilized living also working state of affairs still remain out of acess for a lot of individuals .Most significantly, the crisis has made it right through the valid economy by resources of three equally strengthening diffusion channels, explicitly: the restricted accessibility of credit for the working capital, trade funding and feasible investments within the real economy , implying the credit crunch ; vigilant cost decisions, leaning towards the minor side of the yield, service and costs, in turn distressing assurance amongst th e customers and

The Portfolio as a depiction of a Sole Person Assignment - 1

The Portfolio as a depiction of a Sole Person - Assignment Example The designer of the portfolio also had a careful selection of the two works of art before makeup on a single image. This is due to the high comparison n of the physical features of the face, the weight, the height and the compression. The designer of the work is also careful to select matching faces.Both images appear to be one face with glasses. However, from a closer inspection, it is evident that it is only one image that has spectacles on while the other half of the face is characterized by works of art; either a tattoo or an eye makeup that can be mistaken with spectacles. The image also depicts a good synchronization in the way the music instruments fit a messenger bag. The two form one complete look. The music instruments also appear to be in use by a person although the end of the instruments is put or stored in the messenger bag. One part of the face appears to be singing or exclaiming due to the opened mouth with the tongue sticking out. The other part of the face image shows a person who is very calm and almost shy. The image also shows a good synchronization of the middle body such that a person cannot notice that one part of the image is not dressed while the image is in a simple top shirt. The body size also appears to be of the same body weight. The width of the body seems to be almost equal. A person can thus assume that it is the same person turned from good to evil. The angle of the portfolio is from the head gives a good sense of careful selection. The image shows a person with long hair that is blowing out. The scenario shows a person who loves making fun and merry. However, a closer look reveals that the other part of the image is attributed to short hair that is neatly kept. The image thus shows that the person is careful with his life and not so much into merrymaking. The advertisement depicts that a person is inside. However, it does not  specifically state who person is behind what is seen in the image.  

Investment and Portfolio Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Investment and Portfolio Analysis - Essay Example There was automotive gross cash at June 30, 2007 of $37.4 billion. Ford Motor Company sales and revenue over the last three years has fluctuated tremendously, 2005 was 176.8 billion, 160.1 billion and for the year of 2006 and 172.5 billion for 2007. The current return on investment is -10.4 as of 2007. ( White, 2007). Investment is the commitment of money or capital to purchase financial instruments or other assets in order to gain profitable returns in the form of interest, income, or appreciation of the value of the instrument. (Reilly & Brown). It relates to saving or deferring consumption. Investment is involved in many areas of the economy, such as business management and finance no matter for households, firms, or governments. An investment involves the choice by an individual or an organization such as a pension fund. After some analysis or thought, to place or lend money in a vehicle, instrument or asset, such as property, commodity, stock, bond, financial derivatives (e.g. futures or options), or the foreign asset denominated in foreign currency, that has certain level of risk and provides the possibility of generating returns over a period of time. Investment comes with the risk of the loss of the principal sum. (Myles, 2003) The investment that has not been thoroughly analyzed can be highly risky with respect to the investment owner because the possibility of losing money is not within the owners control. The difference between speculation and investment can be subtle. It depends on the investment owners mind whether the purpose is for lending the resource to someone else for economic purpose or not. Through Investment analysis, an investor is in a good position to understand the trend of performance and the likelihood of getting suitable returns at the end of the investment period. Investment analysis is important to any sound portfolio-management strategy. At most, times, investors find it difficult to carry out

Leadership in business management Research Paper

Leadership in business management - Research Paper Example He is like a captain of the ship. He or she brings all team members on a proper track of their objectives. The efficient leaders are needed in every organization for attaining both small scale and large scale goals. While describing the importance of the leadership, Marlene Caroselli, in her book, â€Å"Leadership Skills for Managers, says, â€Å"It is easy to make money. But leaders strive to make a difference. They are willing to make sacrifices and to inspire others to do the same.† [1] According to Peter Northouse, leadership is â€Å"a process of whereby an influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.†[2] Qualities of an ideal leader: There are five major traits or qualities of an ideal leader. Honesty Visionary Competent Inspiring Intelligent The great freedom fighter of India and the father of India Mahatma Gandhi was a perfect leader who had all the above mentioned traits in him. So he has always been the source of inspiration not only for the In dians but from the people all over the world. The uniqueness of his leadership lay in his unique doctrine of non-violence which was later adopted by Martin Luther King and many other leaders from all over the world. Leadership has the different styles like autocratic leadership, democratic leadership and free rein leadership. And the popularity of the leaders lies upon what method he uses in different circumstances. Napoleon was one of the most famous leaders in the world. He was a man of great vision and he would win the battle on the basis of this vision. Both Mahatma Gandhi and Napoleon understood the importance of winning people. Characteristics of good and bad leadership The success of any institution or any organization depends upon the leadership of that institution. Good leadership can shape the future while bad leadership can create disaster. Examples are two opposite leaders Mahatma Gandhi and Hitler. With an extraordinary unique and ideal leadership Mahatma Gandhi won the war of freedom. He fought the war with the unusual weapon of non violence and so his war is the only war which is known as a bloodless war. On the other hand Adolph Hitler’s leadership totally tends towards dictatorship, violence and bloodshed which led the people of Germany into anarchy and deterioration. The leader decides the future of his institute. Bad Leadership : Major Attributes Bad leadership is associated with the incompetence of the leader. While talking about the incompetence of the leadership, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, in his speech says, â€Å"Incompetent leaders are not necessarily incompetent in every aspect. Moreover, there are many ways of being incompetent. Some leaders lack practical, academic, or emotional intelligence.† Rigid leadership also is an example of bad leadership. The rigid leader is not ready to accept the changes. The changes are inevitable and they must be accepted and accordingly the leaders should adapt them. Adaptability means ac cepting the changes and adjusts ourselves according to the changing mode of circumstances. But if the leadership is rigid and refuse to accept the changes, the organization cannot survive in the modern world which tends to change consistently. Intemperate leadership is also risky for the organization. When the leader completely losses his control and is aided by his followers then he is no more capable of leading the people. Barbara Kellerman in her book â€Å"Bad Leadership,†

Climate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Climate - Assignment Example Since the scientific community has identified exploitation of fossil fuel as the main reason for global warming, this section has been prosecuting them on various levels, in spite of mounting evidence. This essay discusses one of the most urgent issues in environment study that is climate change or global warming in every context with its definition and various controversies are raging in this area of the studies. The climate change can be broadly defined as the long-term time period shift in the weather statistics including the average climate (NOAA, 2007). One of main concerns in the environmental study is the global warming with the continuous increase in the temperature all over the world. It is also one of the topics that are hotly debated between various sections of the modern society (US National Academy of Sciences & the Royal Society, 2008). The weather scientists who are working in this area are gathering mounting evidences regarding the increasing of the surface warming all over the world. One of such sources is the thermometers that are monitoring the changes in hundreds and thousands of the locations all over the world and recording those changes at a permanent location. The scientists are also getting indirect estimates from such sources as the ice cores as well as tree rings for calculation of change in temperature during past years (US National Academy of Sciences & the Royal Society, 2008). Since, last few decades, there are many theories that seek to explain the reason of the global warming such as the cycle of the sun spots and changes in earth climate, natural variability of the climate or changes due to human activity. As per some people, the main source of the global warming is the sun spots and 11 years Sun – cycle. The energy output of the Sun varies considerably depending upon the abundance of some isotopes of beryllium or carbon atoms and number of the sunspots. But, as per the evidence that is

Leadership in business management Research Paper

Leadership in business management - Research Paper Example He is like a captain of the ship. He or she brings all team members on a proper track of their objectives. The efficient leaders are needed in every organization for attaining both small scale and large scale goals. While describing the importance of the leadership, Marlene Caroselli, in her book, â€Å"Leadership Skills for Managers, says, â€Å"It is easy to make money. But leaders strive to make a difference. They are willing to make sacrifices and to inspire others to do the same.† [1] According to Peter Northouse, leadership is â€Å"a process of whereby an influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.†[2] Qualities of an ideal leader: There are five major traits or qualities of an ideal leader. Honesty Visionary Competent Inspiring Intelligent The great freedom fighter of India and the father of India Mahatma Gandhi was a perfect leader who had all the above mentioned traits in him. So he has always been the source of inspiration not only for the In dians but from the people all over the world. The uniqueness of his leadership lay in his unique doctrine of non-violence which was later adopted by Martin Luther King and many other leaders from all over the world. Leadership has the different styles like autocratic leadership, democratic leadership and free rein leadership. And the popularity of the leaders lies upon what method he uses in different circumstances. Napoleon was one of the most famous leaders in the world. He was a man of great vision and he would win the battle on the basis of this vision. Both Mahatma Gandhi and Napoleon understood the importance of winning people. Characteristics of good and bad leadership The success of any institution or any organization depends upon the leadership of that institution. Good leadership can shape the future while bad leadership can create disaster. Examples are two opposite leaders Mahatma Gandhi and Hitler. With an extraordinary unique and ideal leadership Mahatma Gandhi won the war of freedom. He fought the war with the unusual weapon of non violence and so his war is the only war which is known as a bloodless war. On the other hand Adolph Hitler’s leadership totally tends towards dictatorship, violence and bloodshed which led the people of Germany into anarchy and deterioration. The leader decides the future of his institute. Bad Leadership : Major Attributes Bad leadership is associated with the incompetence of the leader. While talking about the incompetence of the leadership, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, in his speech says, â€Å"Incompetent leaders are not necessarily incompetent in every aspect. Moreover, there are many ways of being incompetent. Some leaders lack practical, academic, or emotional intelligence.† Rigid leadership also is an example of bad leadership. The rigid leader is not ready to accept the changes. The changes are inevitable and they must be accepted and accordingly the leaders should adapt them. Adaptability means ac cepting the changes and adjusts ourselves according to the changing mode of circumstances. But if the leadership is rigid and refuse to accept the changes, the organization cannot survive in the modern world which tends to change consistently. Intemperate leadership is also risky for the organization. When the leader completely losses his control and is aided by his followers then he is no more capable of leading the people. Barbara Kellerman in her book â€Å"Bad Leadership,†

The role of German military in implementing Nazism Essay

The role of German military in implementing Nazism - Essay Example The Allies had controlled the size of the German military through the Treaty of Versailles, in hope that through controlling the re-constitution of the German military, the chances of German aggression against its perceived political enemies from World War I would come to an end. The coming into power of Adolf Hitler saw the renunciation of the treaty of Versailles just two years into power, and the consequence was the growth, expansion and re-creation of the German military, with the military that previously consisted of only 21 divisions growing into over 100 divisions, and thousands of smaller units during the Nazism regime period between 1935 and 1945 . The end of 1945 saw over 13 million Germans serving in the German military, compared to only 100,000 people who constituted the German military in 1933. Thus, it is the German military, more than any other arm or institution, which was responsible for the implementation of the Nazism ideologies through military force and combat, r esulting in the successful thriving of Nazism in Germany . Part II: How Germany implemented the HolocaustThe first step towards the implementation of Holocaust in Germany was the implementation of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, which sought to maintain the purity of the German blood by restricting any form of intermarriages between the Germans and the Jews .   In addition, the laws also deprived the Jews of the German citizenship, while also prohibiting the Jews from having non-Jewish maids, and also outlawing.

Equality, Diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people. Essay Example for Free

Equality, Diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people. Essay 1.1 How does the equality Act 2010 promote equality and diversity? Obtain your schools Equality of opportunity policy. What is its aim? Identify references to action. The Equality Act protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair more equal society. Equality and diversity is now a ‘limiting judgement’ in Ofsted inspections. This means that if equality measures are not being implemented efficiently, this will restrict the overall inspection grade. As a school, you must not discriminate against a pupil or prospective pupil because of their disability, race, sex, gender reassignment, religion or belief, or sexual orientation. The objectives at Tutshill School are that all children in our school will learn in an environment free from the effects of and without discrimination, and that the working conditions and environment of our staff and volunteers will also be free from discrimination. Tutshill C of E Primary School strives to ensure that the culture and ethos of the school are such that, whatever the heritage and origins of members of the school community, everyone is equally valued and treats one another with respect. Pupils should be provided with the opportunity to experience, understand and celebrate diversity. Tutshill School will adhere to Gloucestershire LEA’s Racial Harassment in Schools – Guidelines and make all new teachers, student teachers and ancillary staff aware of the policy. 1.2 Why is it important to support the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access? All children have the right to access all the opportunities which are on offer in the school provision. Each and every pupil has the right to learn and should not be discriminated against for any reason. In order for us to  achieve this we must involve the children and parents in finding out what works well in school and what doesn’t. This should be supported by high quality teaching and learning experience. I believe that involving the children in this process would make the children more confident and feel more valued within school. 1.3 How is cultural diversity valued and promoted in your school? Discuss its importance. Within Tutshill School opportunities are provided for all children to experience others cultures and ethnic backgrounds. This is promoted through literacy lessons. Every term the children I work with have a new topic for example, Greece and The Romans. With each topic they learn about their cultures such as their religion, language and the different foods they eat. The children in year four studied the Romans and did a play for the other children in assembly and also designed a menu for the whole school to try. The Year five class studied Greece and designed and made holiday brochure for display in their class room and also designed a Greek menu for the school to try. This is to ensure that the children understand and value the social and cultural diversity that could be in their own community as well as around the world. Culture can cut across nationalities and faiths and by promoting cultural diversity and the differences of individuals and groups within school will enhance a child ’s learning and promote knowledge and understanding of all pupils. Diverse cultures in schools should be acknowledged and reflected throughout the curriculum. By supporting and encouraging children to understand and accept cultural diversity will also prevent stereotyping and reduce prejudice and discrimination within schools. Most importantly, it will prepare children and young people for numerous changes that will happen in their lives as adults where they will inevitably be involved in mixing with adults of different cultures and backgrounds. Having watched the Teachers’ TV programme ‘Pride and Prejudice’, about Gypsy, Roma and Traveller children, comment on the following. 2.1 What prejudices do these groups face? Gypsy, Roma and Traveller children face many prejudices throughout their lives. They are not considered part of the community that they live in and often come up against racism, stereotyping, discrimination and abuse not only from other children but adults as well. 2.2 What impact does this have on traveller C/YP? The impact that racism, stereotyping and discrimination have on the children is that they fall out of school or are taken out of school at an early age. Majority of traveller children tend to leave school or are taken out of school at the end of primary level as they find the transition into secondary school a difficult one due to other children and teachers bulling them and having little knowledge or understanding of their culture. The remainder of the children do not often make it past year 9. 2.3/2.4 How have schools tackled prejudice to raise attendance and attainment? Schools have tackled these prejudices by increasing other people’s knowledge about these minority groups. For Example: †¢Celebrate their culture. †¢Looking at the history of the travellers. †¢Increasing awareness of their heritage by having day trips to the Romany life centre. †¢Traveller children making a booklet to educate teachers and pupils, about their religion and how and where they live. †¢Showing the pupils a film about travellers about their skills and how they made a living. To raise attendance and attainment schools have been flexible with rules regarding attendance rates and given extra support especially just before SAT’s. The most important thing I feel is that they treated each and every child the same. 3.1 Explain what is meant by ‘inclusion’? Inclusion means to be fully included, to make people feel valued and respected irrespective of ethnicity, gender, disability, culture, age, religion and sexual orientation. It is about giving equal access and opportunities to everyone. 3.2/3.3 Provide 3 or 4 examples of inclusive practices in your classroom/school. During my time at Tutshill School I have witnessed and been part of several inclusive practices. Example 1. Within year 4 we have a student who is Chinese. During the Chinese New-year SL brought in sweets for everyone so we could celebrate the Chinese new-year with her. She then had time to talk to the class about what she did during their celebrations. Example 2. Throughout each classroom and the school there are displays of children’s work. All abilities are displayed, so the children can see and understand that just because their work may not be the neatest or always correct it will still get to be displayed. Example 3. During P.E all children will be included, whether they have a lower ability or any medical issues. The games that they are playing will be adapted if needed to so that every child has the opportunity to participate.

Consistency In Nicomachean Ethics Philosophy Essay

Consistency In Nicomachean Ethics Philosophy Essay There is a seeming lack of consistency in Nicomachean Ethics on what is required for human happiness. In the beginning of the book, Aristotle stated that, happiness requires both complete virtue and a complete life (Book I, 1100a), suggesting that happiness require all virtuous activities and all external goods that people pursue. However, further, in Book X of Nicomachean Ethics, he stated that contemplation is the only essence of human happiness as his argument develops. These two interpretations then are called the inclusivist and the intellectual interpretations respectively. There is much contradiction on Aristotles account, more specifically, Aristotle thinks that all kinds of virtue and external goods are what is required for happiness while in the same book, he claims that excellence in intellectual activity, namely contemplation is the only way to true happiness (the flourishing eudaimonic life). This disagreement makes his comments on happiness in Book I and Book X seem disconnected in a parallel fashion. In this essay, I would like to conclude that the way to make sense of Aristotles account (if not to reconcile the contradiction) on what is required for human happiness is to emphasis the human nature of happiness and to exclude the possibility for human to achieve the contemplating happiness and embrace the inclusivist interpretation to an extent. What is required for happiness will only be clear if we understand what happiness is, therefore, we shall discuss the meaning of Happiness Aristotle refers to. Firstly, we put aside this inclusivist/ intellectualist debate for a while, and investigate what Aristotle claims to be necessary for happiness. The word happiness Aristotle used in Greek is ÃŽÂ µÃƒ ¡Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± (eudaimonia), which may differ from peoples understanding of the English word happiness nowadays. On Aristotles account, happiness is not a state as contemporary common people would think, most people from a modern western background are most likely to answer what is happiness by telling what they regard as important and fulfilling in lives, or what makes them feel happy, e.g. having wealth, health, family etc., or simply the sensation of gratification as an enjoyable subjective state of mind. However Aristotle characterised it in terms of an activity, which can be interpreted as a way of living, a lifestyle. This is found at the beginning of Book X (1176a34): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Happiness is not a state. For it were, someone might have it and yet be asleep for his whole life, living the life of a plant, or suffer the greatest misfortunes. If we do not approve of this, we count happiness as an activity rather than a state. For him, it is the ultimate goal of human lives. He develops his case as followed: Since every sort of knowledge and decision pursues some goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ What is the highest of all the goods pursued in action? (1095a15) He answered that happiness is this highest of all goods pursued by people, even though that different people may have different ideas about happiness and in action and have different approaches to acquire it. He gives examples to illustrate this, the common people pursue the life of gratification, the politically cultivated pursue honour, etc. but they all do it in order to pursue happiness eventually. Then, Aristotle claims that humans telos, i.e. final goal and aim is to pursue happiness. It is a universal telos which all human actions aim at because all human actions are aimed implicitly and explicitly at it. It is a self-sufficient good that all who pursue it will have no further need and lack nothing. Happiness more than anything else seems unconditionally complete, since we always choose it because of itself, never because of something elseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Honour, pleasure, understanding and every virtue we certainly we certainly choose because of themselves, since we also choose them for the sake of happiness, supposing that through them we shall be happy. Happiness, by contrast, no one ever choose for their sake or for the sake of anything else at all. (1097b) He then progresses, stating that happiness requires living according to virtues, in Book I , Now we take the human function to be certain kind of life, and take this life to be the souls activity and actions that express reason .The function of man is to live a certain kind of life, and this activity implies a rational principle, and the function of a good man is the good and noble performance of these, and if any action is well performed it is performed in accord with the appropriate excellence: if this is the case, then happiness turns out to be an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. (1098a13) Aristotle then speaks of function of a human being, and he suggested that humans have a special function that other organisms do not share, that is having the gift of reason. The human function is the souls activity that expresses reason. (1098a )Therefore, the good humans aim at should be the excellence in reason, which is what is required for happiness. As happiness is a way of living, the most ideal, best and ultimate way of living that people pursue will be happiness. In order to achieve human happiness, i.e. having the most ideal life, Aristotle then concluded: And if there are more virtues than one, the good will express the best and most complete virtue. Since he earlier mentioned understanding is the best virtue, this seems to lend support for the intellectualist view. However, then, rather abruptly, later in Book I, he added: Nonetheless, happiness evidently also needs external goods to be added , as we said, since we cannot, or cannot easily do fine action if we lack the resources.(1099a) Many take what Aristotle mentioned in Book I into account (and parts in Book X seem to lend support to the inclusivist view too). However in my opinion, Aristotles suggestion that the whole range of virtue is required does not fully make logical sense in the whole Nicomachean Ethics, rather, it appears to be an added comment to make his argument more relevant to real-life. On the other hand, there is the intellectualist view that interprets the happiness, the human telos, consists of one single virtuous intellectual activity: contemplation. Most support can be found in Book X. If happiness, then, is activity expressing virtue, it is reasonable for it to express the supreme virtue, which will be the virtue of the best thing. The best is understandingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and to understand what is fine and divine, by being itself either divine or the most divine element in us. Hence complete happiness will be its activity expressing its proper virtue; and we have said that this activity is the activity of study.(1177a11) Interestingly, J.M. Cooper originally in his book Reason And Human Good in Aristotle (1975) supported this theory however he later changed his opinion. Heinaman criticised his deflection, suggesting that he made an unsuccessful defence. Cooper changed to the intellectualist view, he suggests an interpretation to avoid inconsistency between the contradictions found in Books I and X, his attempt does not treat Aristotles view in Book X as agreeing that intellect person with vicious morality can be happy. Since happiness without moral virtues can still be achieved if intellectual activity is the only necessity. Cooper tried to reconcile this contradiction in his interpretation, since Book I suggests that all kinds of virtuous activities are required, while Book X denies that all kinds of virtuous behaviour but especially intellectual activity are required for happiness. Heinaman criticised that by making activity with a kinship to divine activity sufficient for happiness in Book X, he ( J.M. Cooper) commits Aristotle to happiness for the morally vicious thinker, since human intellectual activity on its own has a greater kinship to divine activity than morally virtuous action on its own Also, Thomas Nagel noticed this indecision on Aristotles account and concludes that Aristotle is tempted by the intellectualist account. Inevitably, a conflict arises as evidence for both sides is found in Aristotles text. However, if the function argument he has made stands, there should not be other things rather than doing what the most excellent human being should be doing, i.e. contemplating. Therefore it may seem like a contradiction within Aristotles argument, that whether contemplation is the only thing required. A reconciliation can be hard to achieve in my opinion, we infer that Aristotle on the one hand recognise a life of contemplation as the most ideal happy life, while he also realises without external goods a life cannot be sustained.(1178b34) On the other hand, he suggest only contemplation is required. However, if we take the affinity to divinity into account, we may suggest that human happiness, (not divine) require external goods as well as the intellectual activities. If we draw a distinct line between human happiness and general happiness (in the more theoretical and divine sense), the question can be answered better. Aristotle asserted that the function of something must be what is should be good at, so humans function should be reasoning since the ideal human should engage in intellectual activity (contemplation), this reasoning of his is drawn by the comparison to carpenters and architects, that their function would be crafting and building, however, he neglected the fact that both carpenters and architects are human, and human would share the actions of plants and animals ( the action of living, pleasure-seeking etc.). Also, divinity is shared by humans when it comes to reasoning and thinking, however humans are not completely divine, having all the earthly desires and need s. Therefore, following this line of argument, I would conclude that human happiness would include living according to all virtues that human are able to take part in. Since the contemplating happiness is the form of eudaimonia that bears more reminiscence of the realm of divinity, it is not possible that human can achieve it completely, especially without external goods. Therefore, taking account of human nature, the kind of happiness is the only possibility for us. Hence, in my view, as the result of the discussion, it would be more appropriate to agree with the inclusivist view that human happiness on Aristotles account requires a life with accordance to the full range of virtues and their supporting external goods.

Man For All Seasons :: essays research papers

Sir Thomas More: Is he the morally and legally person that we think he is?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sir Thomas More has been in the news a great deal recently. I’m sure that most of you know that he had been convicted and put to death for treason. Many people probably don’t know his conviction was based on the tainted testimony of Richard Rich, who wanted to be as successful as Thomas. I’m certain Thomas would never have done anything of this nature. All of the problems just kept on escalating, resulting in the death of Thomas. Thomas had to struggle with these problems. His main struggle was remaining loyal to his king and his Holy Church. King Henry VIII was seeking approval from Thomas in obtaining a divorce from his wife Catherine because she was not able to produce any heirs to the throne. The King was looking for his approval because Thomas was respected by society. The King already had other peoples’ approval . The two men were in conflict because they had a fundamental difference in outlook on what constituted the right balance between the spiritual and the practical. The two were Catholics. Thomas was a representative of the older spirituality, wherein the Church was as a sacred institution and an instrument of God’s will, and which ought to be outside politics. The King saw the church as a political institution, one that was to bend for him in certain political matters. That is basically the story. The question now facing us is …. were his actions morally right or wrong.? This is an easy question to answer because Thomas overall was a morally good man. He stayed true to his beliefs. He saw the laws coming from natural laws, created by God. He thought that all laws needed to originate from the natural laws, and if he was to give in to the King he would be going against his morals. When Thomas took this position he had to decide between political expedience and his moral convictions. We all can see what he decided. The King would have preferred Thomas be agreeable with the positive laws because then it would have been easier for him to get his way. Therefore, looking at the question he was legally right, and also he was right in his actions, or morally right. In the principles of law we see that no one is above the law, so what would give the King the right to get his way, only to keep himself happy and not the people.

Slaves will be Slaves Essay -- essays research papers

Petronius Arbiter, in Trimalchio's Dinner Party, the third chapter of his book Satyricon, mocks the nature of slaves. He was a top official in Rome, namely the "Judge of Taste" in Nero's court (129). Regardless of the responsibilities he had, he was an aristocrat. The history of Rome was written from an aristocratic perspective because they were the ones who had the money, ambition and free time to document history. Petronius believed that slaves are low class, and that a slave that has been set free, id est a freedmen, is still a slave at heart, ergo worthless. Not with all the money in the world could he develop the taste of the upper class. In ancient and modern times alike, money cannot buy a good personality or social sophistication. While the freeborn Roman boy went to school to learn rhetoric, math, et cetera, the slave boy worked from a very young age. Whether they worked physically, mathematically or sexually, they still worked, which is a prime difference between them and the freeborn (although the poor freeborn worked, they often were displaced by slaves because slaves were free labor). Sarah Ruden, the translator of this edition of Satyricon, comments that freedmen were like immigrants in America today. Only the particularly ambitious won their freedom. This process has a modern equivalent in which only the most ambitious immigrants tend to make it to American soil. This process of "self-selection" weeds out the lazy (155). Slaves that had won their freedom had worked very hard from a very early age and thus had the experience needed to be successful and amass fortunes. However, what the freedmen could not possibly have learned from that kind of experience is the behavior and manners of a respect ful Roman aristocrat. Personality is naturally instilled by living among others in your social class. One cannot completely learn a foreign culture unless he is adopted at an early age by a family in that culture. Although slaves lived with families, they performed completely different functions ergo had completely difference experiences and upbringings. Unfortunately for the freedmen who that made it and became rich, they were still socially inferior to the freeborn. Petronius shows that the host of the dinner party, Trimalchio is a crude freedman. He has no respectable virtues. He is cruel to his slaves despite the fact that he was ... ...laying in the funeral procession were too loud and it sounded like a fire alarm. The commotion is taken advantage of and they make their escape (60). At Trimalchio's dinner party the theme was drunk and disorderly as opposed to relaxed and enjoyable, the nature of the traditional Roman dinner parties (166). It is though this story that Petronius tells us the aristocracy's views on uneducated slaves and freedmen. Comparisons can be drawn to its modern equivalent of ‘new money.’ Exempli gratia, when the latest rap artist from a ghetto makes an album and subsequently gets rich, there is no moral improvement. Money cannot buy character change. It cannot change behavior, improve social skills or refine the personality. Lacking a warm childhood upbringing to set in good manners, as well as protection from sexual predators, slaves never came close to matching the behavior, values, virtues, morals and decency of the "Good Roman Citizen." In this ancient equivalent to the verse from a Snoop Dogg song, â€Å"You can take the boy out [of] the ‘hood,’ but you can’t take the ‘hood’ out [ of] the ‘Homeboy,’† no matter how much money and freedom slaves gained, they still are slaves at heart.

Inequality and Its Effects in the Workplace

Inequality and its Effects in the Workplace Ashford University Contemporary Social Problems and the Workplace – SOC 402 July 19, 2010 ? Inequality and its Effects in the Workplace Gender, ethnicity, and race inequalities and the issues surrounding them in the workplace have been on the forefront of society’s mind for decades. The problem of inequality in the workplace has become one of the most important and vital issues in our society today.In order to understand fully the reasons for these inequalities, one must try to understand the factors that cause gender, ethnicity, and racial issues within the workplace, yet in this case, we will tend to focus mostly towards gender inequality in the workplace. One typically thinks locally in these situations, and Americans have fought hard for equality, yet over half of illiterate people throughout the world are females. Gender inequality is an issue that has been shaped by men from generations to generations.Each man carrying d own his own ideologies mixed in with the previous generation’s to create this mold that women are expected to conform and fit into. In America, women have fought long and hard to have many of the same rights as men. Education, the right to vote, and career status are just a few examples of some of the many important things these women fought for. In other countries, women are not as fortunate to have such a voice to be heard, and thus their fight ends before it begins. On April 11, 1996, President Bill Clinton proclaimed â€Å"National Pay Inequality Awareness Day†.The goal of the government was to change and eliminate discrimination in the workplace in 1972 when the Equal Employment Opportunity Act was established. The heart of both of these acts was and is to protect the individual’s rights as well as promote employment opportunities for everyone within the workplace. Obviously the government is aware and trying to prevent and protect the rights of these indiv iduals through the passing of these acts; so the question remains what are the reasons why women, ethnic groups, and minority races still being treated unfairly at work?The gendered income inequality can also be attributed in part to occupational segregation, where groups of people are distributed across occupations according to ascribed characteristics; in this case, gender. Occupational sex segregation can be understood to be made up of two directions. The first direction would be made up of occupational sex segregation and occurs as men and women are thought to possess different physical, emotional, and mental capacities. These different characteristics make the genders vary in the types of jobs they are suited for.This can be specifically viewed with the gendered division between manual and non-manual labor. The second direction is made up when occupational sex segregation occurs as occupations are stratified according to the power, authority, income, and prestige associated wit h the occupation and women are excluded from holding such jobs. An example of this type of gender inequality includes women that obtain a role in the workplace that is assumed for a man. Women have celebrated obtaining such roles, but once occupied, have had to fight to keep them.Caitlin Crawshaw interviewed Gail Powley for her article depicting workplace diversity and quickly learned Gail’s success in such a role. Ms. Powley revealed that her secret was â€Å"It’s all about attitude, so when they saw my attitude wasn’t to make them change at all, but to find ways to work with them, they actually welcomed me† (2010, para. 2). Historically, inequality has favored white males relative to similarly qualified females, ethnic, and minorities especially in the workplace.Wage discrimination is the discrepancy of wages between who groups due to a bias towards or against a specific trait with all or other characteristics of both groups being equivalent. In the cas e of gender inequality, wage discrimination exists between the male and female gender. Gender inequality wage discrimination can still be seen clearly today in specific organizations and careers, i. e. food industry. In the workplace, a female chef must work twice as hard as her male counterpart when competing for the same Executive Chef position.If you were to ask any woman in that position, she would comply. She knows her challenge before it begins, so she must know in her heart how badly she wants the prize and be extremely confident in herself to achieve this position. If you were to ask her male counterpart, he would deny the accusation. He does not see her challenge however, that does not mean that it does not exist. The challenge in this same workplace would at least doubles if the female chef were African American, or Native American.With or without the existence of this challenge, women have been gaining a steady foothold in the workplace. In fact, in America it has become a natural cultural trend for there to be dual incomes within the family and many families could not live the lifestyle that they do without the female’s contributing income to the family. This is the new norm in our local society. The new roadblock that we face now is when it comes to a single-income family in which the breadwinner is the female. So now the question becomes, why?Why is this idea so difficult for us to accept? Stay at home dads, aka; Mr. Mom’s, are becoming more and more a trend of today. Some of the factors that go into a decision like this are things like benefits, childcare, and which earner has the bigger income. Kathleen Gerson (2007) offers her view on this social attitude by stating that, â€Å"We are all quite comfortable with the dual-earner household. It’s become a cultural template, but for some reason we hit a roadblock when it comes to single-income households where the single earner is a woman† (para. ). According to Gersonâ €™s research as well, the number of households where the wife is the primary earner of the home jumped from about 4. 1% in 1970 to 7% in 2000 (2007, para. 8). This statistic is hard to accept in our economy today because it is almost a necessity for the presence of a dual income to survive and adequately provide for the family. One study has shown that a marriage that has both husband and a wife providing for the family is more satisfying than a marriage with only one sole income.Even though women struggle with keeping up with the men in the workplace, they also struggle with additional obstacles at home as well. What they experience here is a type of career discrimination because they, more than men will experience conflict between their work and home responsibilities. This conflict is intensified if the woman holds the primary responsibility for childcare because they naturally take on the role of the nurturer of the family. Other sacrifices that women will make in their caree r that men will not are things like maternity leave and extra sick days in order to take care of sick children.Because of these factors, some women feel the intense pressure to choose between that of having a career or having a family. A study that Lauer and Lauer reported states that out of 51 women, â€Å"faculty members reported that a higher proportion of younger faculty women chose to remain childless or to have fewer children than older faulty women, primarily because of the requirements of getting tenure and promotion† (2006, p. 200). The glass window effect is also considered a possible contributor to the gender income inequality.This ideology suggests that significant disadvantages exist towards the top of the career ladder which becomes worse as a person’s career goes on. The term glass window indicates that there are invisible barriers that exist that prevent women from advancements in their careers and promotions. These barriers exist in spite of the achiev ements or qualifications of the women trying to achieve these positions. Even further, these barriers continue to exist when other job-relevant characteristics are achieved like experience, education, and abilities.There are few women holding these higher-powered, high income positions due to this glass window effect. This effect also indicates the existence of limited chances of women for income raises, promotion, or advancement to more prestigious positions or jobs and increase over the course of a woman’s career. The gender income earnings ratio indicates the existence of an increase in women’s earnings comparative to men. Men’s wages reached a plateau in the late 1970’s which allowed for women’s incomes to gradually close in the ratio between the two.Despite the smaller ratio between men and women’s incomes, inequality continues to exist. Even more, this income gap varies widely within different races as well. Whites comparatively have t he greatest income gap between the genders. Within the Caucasian race, women earn 78% of the wages that Caucasian men do. Comparatively, African American women earn 90% of the wages African American men do and Hispanic women earn 88% of the wages that Hispanic men do. There are some exceptions in which women earn more than men, although they are rare.Other inequalities that women face, especially those women in the workplace with ethnic backgrounds is that of prejudged, preconceived ideologies held by others in leadership/management. Women of ethnic backgrounds in the workplace are primarily found in factory and service work. Primarily today, Americans are very conscious of illegal aliens and border issues and therefore tend to prejudge and develop social attitudes towards these ethnic groups. This is referred to as racial profiling. This makes career advancement in the workplace for these women especially hard to achieve.Most ethnic women choose not to fight the uphill battle that this kind of discrimination presents and therefore they settle for the factory and service jobs previously mentioned. Arizona legislature recognized the rising potential for racial profiling and began to revise laws stating that â€Å"police may not consider race, color or national origin†¦except to the extent permitted by the United States or Arizona Constitution† (2010, para. 9). Racial profiling can be individually overcome, but honestly, some women do not see enough value in the rewards to pursue it.Lori Latrice Martin addresses this same issue in her article concentrating mostly on African Americans when she stated that â€Å" careful examinations of racial differences in the types of levels of asset ownership have painted a bleak picture of racial economic inequality in America† (2010, para. 2). Despite the awareness of gender inequality, there are still arguments about gender difference and assumptions that women and men are from different planets; women an d men are still treated so differently in society.The workplace still remains an unequal playground that is polluted by persistent sex segregation, income inequality, sex discrimination, and sexual harassment. Women and men work because they want to, and because they have to. Employers should not judge women as being any less dependable than men because that is simply not true. The truth is that family structure has changed drastically over the years. Today the family responsibilities are now being shared by both the mothers and the fathers.In order to compensate for these changes, some companies have introduced flex time, job sharing, parental leave, on-site child care, and telecommuting just to name a few. Employers should accommodate a woman’s needs and therefore expand the gender diversity of their company. They may just find that positive outcomes will emerge from such a move. There was a time where the balance of respect and roles never existed between a husband and wif e, but today, they are redefining themselves, their relationships, and their family units to accommodate what works for them and not what society says should work.More importantly, women have successfully broken from the bondage of dependence on men. They no longer have to submit themselves to one main role in the family life solely as the mother. As for men, the need for dominancy has changed dramatically because for some men, they have been found to be the nurturing stay-at-home fathers for their family. As well, men and women have emerged to work together as a unit. ?References Crawshaw, C. (2010). Workplace diversity pays dividends; having a wide range of backgrounds helps with innovation. Leader Post, H, 1. Retrieved July 19, 2010, from ProQuest Direct database. Dunleavey, M. P. (2007). A breadwinner rethinks gender roles. New York Times, C, 6. Retrieved July 19, 2010, from ProQuest Direct database. Lauer, R. H. , & Lauer, J. C. (2006). Social problems and the quality of life ( 10th ed. ). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Sullum, J. (2010, Aug/Sept). Arrest everybody. Reason magazine, 8. Retrieved July 19, 2010, from ProQuest Direct database. Martin, L. L. (2010, Fall). Non-married women and black ethnicity: an analysis of the likelihood of homeownership. Western journal of black studies, 325-336. Retrieved July 19, 2010, from ProQuest Direct database.

English Macbeth Essay

In this essay, I’m going to be comparing the presentation of Lady Macbeth in Act 1 Scene 5 with the filmed stage performance of the same scene by the Royal Shakespearean production, directed by Sir Trevor Nunn and with Dame Judi Dench in the role of Lady Macbeth. In the Shakespearean play, Shakespeare gives little indication to the characters how to play the character when and where to move and how to say their lines. The readers have to make their own interpretation. There background was just black so was the costumes it was really plain and and economically cheap.However from the film we expected fancy costumes we imagined Lady Macbeth wearing an old fashioned dress we pictured her hair to be brown and we thought she would be much younger. In the film we expected her to be in her bedroom, as well as on some main lines such as ‘Hie thee hither ‘and ‘come you spirits’ we thought there might be powerful sound effects. In the letter scene we expected LM to be very different. In the play she starts reading the letter half way. However in the film, she starts with ‘Hail king that shalt be,' this shows us that she has read the letter before and she knows what the letter says. Hail King that shalt be' was repeated twice in the film this allows the audience to think she is obsessive about Macbeth becoming king and already she has ideas about killing the king. She reads the letter at a fast pace but, when she comes across the supernatural in the letter she stops and looks around this shows that she is very interested about the supernatural. In the play we expected her to be happy while reading ‘my dearest partner of greatness' the word ‘partner sounds very businesslike as well as it emphasises her love and affection towards Macbeth.However in the actual film she read it really casually it did not affect her. In the play we expected her to read the letter while she is in her bedroom however in the film she was pacing up and down as well as the background was plain black and she was wearing a black dress the colour black may represent the supernatural and the evil side of her. This enhances Nunn's interpretation of her as a fourth witch. In the first soliloquy after the letter Lady Macbeth says ‘ Shalt be what thou art promised' this quote shows that she is determined and really wants Macbeth to become the king.As well as in the play she says ‘too full o'th' milk of human kindnesses’ this gives the reader an impression that she knows her husband really well and she uses the word ‘milk’ for his pureness and kindness. ’ Further on in the soliloquy Lady Macbeth uses the line ‘Hie Thee Hither! ’ I expected her to shout that out because there is an exclamation mark at the end of the quote this indicated me that she was shouting. As well as the exclamation mark represents her excitement for the supernatural.I imagined the lights being off and maybe have the sound of a storm, I also thought she might be on her knees begging and talking through the window I expected her to have a voice similar to a witch. From the play it seemed like she is calling the evil spirits that quote proves that she is really evil and she wants the murder to happen. However in the film she had really effective eye contact, the camera zoomed in on her face to allow the audience to see that she is thinking really deeply. Her eyes were moving around (searching) she had an evil brief smile.When she said ‘Hie Thee Hither’ in the film she seemed very calm and took in a deep breath she seemed relieved and relaxed. In her second soliloquy, Lady Macbeth begins to reveal her true self. It seems that she will go through anything to persuade Macbeth to kill the king. Many critics argue that she appears to be the fourth witch. In the play Lady Macbeth talks directly to the spirits. In the quote ‘come you spirits. Murdering ministers ‘this leaves the readers thinking that she is praying to the evil spirits. By saying ‘come’ she uses verbs to call upon the supernatural.The quote ‘under my battlements’ tells us that Lady Macbeth intends to bear the knife herself this is the first time she openly talks about murdering Duncan. In the play Lady Macbeth asks the evil spirits to ‘unsex her’ she wants to get rid of her feminine identity, compassion and her humanity. She also says ‘direst cruelty’ it’s a male characteristics this shows that she wants her femininity to be take away from her due to the fact that she wants to commit the murder however a male should take on that role in this case her husband Macbeth.By asking the evil spirits to take her ‘milk for gall’ she is sacrificing her womanhood and identity for her husband Macbeth. The word ‘milk’ is used as an extended metaphor for womanhood. At the end of her second soliloquy she says ‘th at my keen knife see not the wound it makes’ suggests that she has to be the one that commits the murder. In the film when Lady Macbeth talks about the raven on half of her face there is light on the other half is dark. The light represents the good in her and the dark represents the evil and the ‘Raven’ is Duncan.In the film her eyes are darkened this may indicate that the evil spirits are near her. In the film she actually casts a spell. Before she starts calling the spirits there is a dramatic pause this shows that Lady Macbeth is composing herself she does a 360 turn that indicates a warning to the audience. Lady Macbeth bows down when she starts calling the spirits she looks very fearful. She whispers everything that she says and her hand starts trembling this may be a sign showing us that the evil spirit is trying to get into her. She says ‘cruelty’ in a very high pitched voice.Lady Macbeth runs into the darkness this allows the audience to thi nk that she is possessed and she can’t take the pain or she seen something fearful. The darkness may show her soul transfer. The darkness in her represents the witch side of her. From the darkness she comes back slowly as the fourth witch with a new identity. In the film when she says ‘murdering ministers’ you can see a possession in her. At the end of her second soliloquy when she says ‘Hold! Hold! ’ someone else is controlling her arms she seems physically accessible.When Macbeth enters, Lady Macbeth demonstrates rhetoric, linguistic abilities. Lady Macbeth uses her femininity to persuade Macbeth. In the play Lady Macbeth greets her husband by saying ‘Great Glamis! Worthy Cawdor! ’ she is certainly determined for him. In the play we expect them to be very close to each other because they haven’t seen each other for a while. Lady Macbeth says ‘shall sun that morrow see! ’ The ‘sun’ represents light in th is case it is Duncan. 6 syllables dramatic pause, shocked moment both of them think about the murder.We expected Lady Macbeth to use her sexuality while trying to help him overcome his weaknesses. There is paradox between the serpent and the flower. When she says ‘serpent under’t’ we expect her to be harsh and forceful towards him. Lady Macbeth takes control and for the first time she mentions the murder to him ‘This night’s great business into my dispatch. ’ She is trying to tell him that she is capable of committing the murder, she also might of said that because she wants him to become like her evil.In the phrase ‘Which shall to all our nights and days to come’ she is trying to say that she is doing all this for both of them however we know she is doing it for herself (selfish. ) ‘We will speak no more’ ellipsis represents her interruption. At the end she says ‘Leave all the rest to me’ this allows the readers to think that she has hardly been listening to him and treats him like a child she is not really interested in what he says because she knows what he is going to say and she knows she is going to get it her way.In the film when Macbeth enters she is on her knees paying him respect. When Macbeth enters there is light the light represents goodness (Macbeth), paradox of light and dark. She runs to him hugs and kisses him passionately. This shows that they are in love and it emphasises their closeness. They continue to kiss through out, Lady Macbeth uses her femininity and sexuality to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan. When she says ‘shall sun that morrow see’ she removes herself from him and looks deeply into his eyes.She emphasises on the words ‘serpent’ and ‘my dispatch’ When she says ‘my dispatch’ she looks into his eyes trying to tell him that she is doing it for him. In the film she is very sexual towards him. Macbeth is almost hypnotised by her sexual passion and desire he’s almost forgot about everything because he is blinded by her love. She interrupts him and she speaks quickly to avoid him speaking further. Lady Macbeth smiles briefly this shows she was successful. In the film when she says ‘leave all the rest to me’ there’s darkness on her face, telling the audience she is up to something.

Sexual Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Sexual Disorders - Essay Example Nowadays, there is a universal framework of sexual disorders in terms of their causes, i.e. the scheme which will be presented below, can be applied to various forms of sexual imbalance. As Krueger and Kaplan write, Freudian approach to sexual dysfunction (Freud and his disciples identified sexual disorders as a result of incomplete Oedipus’ and Electra’s complexes in males and females correspondingly) is out-of-date, as psychodynamic perspective has already proved its inconsistency unless it is combined with social psychological views ( Krueger and Kaplan, 2000). As the scholars write, human matrix of sexual behavior underlies in the set of accepted sexual norms. â€Å"A forbidding, puritanical rejection of physical sexuality, including touching, by a parent engenders guilt and shame in a child and inhibits his capacity for enjoying sex and developing healthy intimate relationships as an adult. Relations with parents may be damaged by excessive emotional distance, by punitive behaviors, or by overt seductiveness and sexual exploitation† (Krueger and Kaplan, 2000). Fergusson adds to this viewpoint and claims that a number of sexual disorders are rooted in human guilt associated with masturbation (Fergusson, 1999), towards which the society has developed punitive attitudes so that the individual feels sexually marginalized (even though statistics suggests that about 97% males and 80% females satisfy their sexual needs on their own (ibid)) and thus impaired in terms of sexual performance. Furthermore, intensive and frequent sexual activity can also result in the ‘sexual tiredness’ and the emergence of sexual disorders, which serve the goals of sexual novelty and re-obtaining of intimacy (Federhoff et al, 1999). Furthermore, Federhoff and his colleagues hold that the gradual destruction of the bond between emotionality and sexuality leads to the mechanization of sexual life with following emergence of sexual

The elemments of the funds of knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The elemments of the funds of knowledge - Essay Example The information learned from teachers about their students is the student’s funds of knowledge. The paper captures the elements of funds of knowledge. According to this concept, many families had much knowledge that the learning institutions did not know about and were unused. Researchers realized that there were rural households having some technical and entrepreneurial skills. Each family had some knowledge to share with the rest of the families. Therefore, the sharing of information creates a network that when harnessed can be a precious intellectual resource. The concept advocates that the teachers have a role in developing effective instructional approaches that enhance learning. Additionally, teachers must use activities that involve students as thoughtful learners in a socially meaningful task. In conclusion, the researcher behind this concept urges teachers to create their social networks of providing help to one another in taking advantage of the community resources. The student’s reliance on the teacher grows steadily while the resources in the community continuously become scarce. In employing the concept, teachers will have a better opportunity in helping minority and bilingual kids achieve authentic literacy. Hence, they will foster a sense of togetherness in the community and bestow an efficient system of

Employment Law-Conflict Management in Organizations in paticular Essay

Employment Law-Conflict Management in Organizations in paticular countries - Essay Example Thus, conflict management strategies at the workplace aid to create a healthy and productive work environment. In light of this, the paper will evaluate and analyse conflict management strategies in Australia, China, the United Kingdom, Japan and New Zealand. Primarily, avoidance, litigation, negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration are the major dispute resolution methods globally. Further, mediation, negotiation, conciliation and arbitration are all grouped under alternative dispute resolution methods (ADR). These methods aim to ensure and advance equity (justice and fairness), efficiency (effective utilisation of limited resources) and participation/inclusion in decision making at the workplace. On the other hand, there are basically two types of conflicts; collective and individual conflicts. In the United Kingdom, there is a drastic decrease in collective action. Therefore, strike actions and use of unions is on the decline. Collective conciliation has for more than 100 years been part and parcel of the workplace/industrial relations setting. However, its application in dispute resolution between employers and groups of employers in the United Kingdom has been on the decline. Its popularity has been affected by an increasing experience of employee representatives and Human Resource, the current nature of trade unions and the statutory employment framework-the main players in collective conciliation (Colquitt, Jet al. 2001). Consequently, there has been a rise in an individualistic approach to conflict resolution. Individualism unlike collectivism which places more value on the group, places more significance on the individual’s interests. Therefore, individual arbitration is becoming more embraced in the United Kingdom than in the past where collectivism was a mo re preferable approach. Also, human resource managers in organisations presently tend to solve most individual conflicts at the workplace in the United Kingdom (Tinsley, C.

Challenge Of Cultural Relativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenge Of Cultural Relativism - Essay Example Consequently, the principles or moral relativism are inconsistent in providing the individual and society requirements in regards to respecting other communities’ ways of life. Rachels states that â€Å"There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one society’s code as better than another’s (618). There are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times†. In this statement consistency cannot be maintained in all situations. The principle depicts that the individual perception is greater that the perception of the society. For this reason, there is no standard moral codes that can satisfy the perception requirements of every person (Gad 77). However, the society of a person is the creator of the requirements a person should abide by regardless of their internal perception. The concept of cultural relativisms only applies at the scope of an entire society but not for individuals. For this reason, Rachel’s statement does not depict a consistent way from which a moral truth can be identified. Firstly, the statement may create a probability that the society may create what may be perceived as right or wrong. On the other hand, a person’s point of view may also depict what is right or wrong. In the statement that â€Å"It is arrogant for us to try to judge other cultures. We should always be tolerant of them† (Rachels 618), there is great inconsistency. This is based on that one society’s perception of the truth may differ from another, thus creating a rift from the two points of view. Justification of a society’s moral code must be accompanied by criticism on perceptions that may contradict the moral codes. Consequently, if a society is in disapproval of a particular behaviour, they have a duty to pass judgment on anyone practicing the behaviour. Wong is of the assumption that the differences in beliefs embraced by different societies make it necessary to judge activities based

Unethical trade practices of Tesco on fresh produce from developing Essay

Unethical trade practices of Tesco on fresh produce from developing countries - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the impact of unethical practices of business especially conducted by multinational corporations has long been the center of debates. Multinational companies operating in developing countries in the complex supply chain and the increased international trades, their business activities and decisions can have a profound impact on local communities and people from developing countries, which are producers in the supply chain. According to the ILO, agriculture is the largest sector of employment in most developing countries, which employs one-third of the world’s labor force. Many families and people rely on agricultural and production for export for their livelihoods. Agricultural supply chains are complex and international. However, it is considered a vulnerable sector for its high production cost, price fluctuations, and the unbalanced market power. In the complex supply chain, multinational companies that purchase their products from developing countries can have immense impacts on people living in those countries. In the international market, actions taken by the dominant buyers and retailers may create a situation where it undermines the capacity of suppliers and compromises farmers and worker’s basic rights. According to Wearden, the United Kingdom imports over 90 percent of its fresh fruits and 60% vegetables from other countries each year. These products are imported mainly from European countries and some developing African countries such as Kenya and Morocco and have estimated value of GBP 1.5 billion per annum. In the UK, a small number of retailers dominate the food retail market a factor which is seen to in turn generally contribute to the power imbalance in the trading relationship between purchasers and suppliers. According to the UK Competition Commission, supermarket chains are increasingly exerting pressure on suppliers and farmers from developing countries to conform to ethical stand ards. Tesco PLC is the grocery market leader in the United Kingdom with a market share of around 30 percent in 2013. It is one of the world’s largest merchandise retailers. TESCO was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 as a group of grocery stalls in East End of London. In forming the name TESCO, the first two letter of Jack Cohen’s his surname were combined with the initials of his tea supplier, Thomas Edward Stockwell. The first Tesco store was opened in Middlesex in 1229. Originally Tesco focused its business on grocery retailer until the early 1990s when it diversified its products and services into a wider range inclusive of items such as clothing, furniture, books, DVD rental electronics, financial services, internet services and software in addition to its expanding its business abroad. Since then Tesco has continued to grow and offers new services in addition to opening new stores globally with a principle to sell a wide range of quality products at lower prices for everyone. In the present, Tesco has more than 6,500 stores worldwide and employs over 500,000 staffs around the world. Tesco is considered to be Britain’s biggest and most profitable supermarket chain and is currently seen to be expanding globally at a rapid rate. In 2013, Tesco announced its group trading profit before tax at GBP 3.5 billion with the UK sales accounting for over GBP 2 billion. With its aggressive worldwide expansions, Tesco purchases its products from suppliers in over 70 countries around the world. Given its continual success and the highest market share in the UK retails market, Tesco is in a powerful position, especially in grocery supply chain.